. . . who would have thought Bank of America enables destruction, harming humans & other species? And making a tidy sum too? Compatible with Pacifica’s mission statement, enshrined in its articles of incorporation? – Ties Joosten, Yara van Heugten, & Remy Koens, ‘How banks helped the fossil fuel industry raise more than a trillion euros’, Tu26Sep2023, investigative journalists at Follow the Money, FTM – https://www.ftm.eu/articles/ggii-2-fossil-finance-trillion-euros-oil-gas-bonds, but may need this sharing link (for one-off access), https://www.ftm.eu/articles/ggii-2-fossil-finance-trillion-euros-oil-gas-bonds?share=iVIAT0vSe9sqPGKAGUWtaoKXtGNlsKvtAwFBlfgO%2Fyrb7JqMmb874OMgOuBSB6E%3D (anyway, also in this GGII folder, https://mega.nz/folder/pQEQnLbR#40i5Vhc3mYgbJFqxrwaQng) . . .
For a few months now, Executive Director Stephanie ‘The Breeze’ Wells has been arguing for Pacifica to change the structure of how it banks. According to WBAI Treasurer R Paul ‘I do admin – don’t expect more’ Martin (staff-delegate),
“[t]he executive director has been talking about having all Pacifica bank accounts in one banking chain. And in my opinion, it looks to me like that bank is going to be the Bank of America […] not everybody is thrilled with the idea of all Pacifica accounts being in Bank of America”
WBAI Treasurer R Paul Martin (13:44), W20Sep2023 WBAI Finance Cttee – https://kpftx.org/archives/pnb/wbai_fin/230920/wbai_fin230920a.mp3
Ok, so what’s wrong with Bank of America? Not all motherhood & apple pie? Well, the latest report of the ongoing The Great Green Investment Investigation was published just a few days after R Paul spoke. Not taking things at face value, it examines how fossil-fuel companies are able to expand their operations largely by selling debt in the form of corporate bonds. Bonds? This is another world, on a scale that’s breathtaking. Never mentioned by politicians, hardly ever by mainstream media, “the bond market is huge: in 2021, the value of bond investments worldwide was 119 trillion dollars. That is more than the gross world product (GWP) for that year” – this illustrating the difference between annual income & cumulative net income (usually called wealth).
A single segment of this market deals with bonds issued on behalf of the fossil-fuel expanders. Since the Dec2015 signing of the Paris Agreement on climate, bonds have raised more than $1tn to finance the owners’ extension of the worldwide fossil-fuel infrastructure. This alone is a huge number: a thousand billion, so 1 000 000 000 000, & each one a $, enough to give $125 to everyone on Earth. This is the scale of this obdurate structure spanning the globe, allowing even more fossil fuels to be burnt, with the pollutant greenhouse gas emissions trapping heat within the atmosphere, raising surface temperature. (Burning is simple: for oil & coal, C + O2 = CO2; & for ‘natural gas’, which is actually 70-90% methane (sic), & ~95% when refined for use, it’s CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O.)
http://naturalgas.org/overview/background/, & https://www.naesb.org/pdf2/wgq_bps100605w2.pdf (unpaginated, page 5 of the PDF; North American Energy Standards Board)
The methodology note of GGII gives specifics of how they analysed fossil-fuel corporate bonds: “[w]e took into account all bonds issued from January 2016 to 8 June 2023 and ended up with 4 550 active bonds. Some of these bonds were issued by fossil fuel companies that are no longer expanding their fossil operations, in line with climate science [more to the point, what’s needed are deep cuts in supply]. To exclude these, we made use of research done by Urgewald. […] As a final step, we excluded green bonds issued by fossil fuel companies. […] We ended up with a final selection of 1 666 bonds, totalling to 1 011 billion euros. For all of these bonds we collected information from Bloomberg about the parties involved in the issuance process such as banks and law firms. This included their respective roles, such as ‘underwriter’, ‘bookrunner’, ‘paying agent’ and ‘legal adviser’.” – ‘Fossil finance: methodology’, https://www.ftm.eu/ggii-2-fossil-finance (site provides no sharing link, so it’s in the GGII folder, https://mega.nz/folder/pQEQnLbR#40i5Vhc3mYgbJFqxrwaQng)
. . . pic courtesy of Leon de Korte/Follow the Money . . .
Now the mention of that venerable institution, Bank of America:
“[…] The Great Green Investment Investigation found more than 1 600 fossil fuel bonds issued since the signing of the Paris Climate Agreement [signed Dec2015; effective 4Nov2016 – as if that matters]. The combined value is over a trillion (thousand billion) euros [€ 1 = USD 1.055, $1 + 5½¢]. Among them are bonds from fossil fuel giants like Shell, BP and Total, state-owned companies like Saudi Aramco, Gazprom and Rosneft, and companies active in controversial forms of oil and gas extraction, for example, in the Arctic and the US shale gas sector.
The difference between words and deeds
“The issuing of bonds is an increasingly important source of financing for fossil fuel companies. But those companies cannot do it on their own. It is a complex process that requires the help of financial specialists.
“Because of their role as facilitators, The Great Green Investment Investigation also mapped the financial service providers involved in fossil fuel bonds. It clarifies who exactly contributed to the creation of each bond.
“The leading banks in this sector are American: JP Morgan, Citi and Bank of America all helped fossil fuel companies raise over 500 billion euros.”
Ties Joosten, Yara van Heugten, & Remy Koens, ‘How banks helped the fossil fuel industry raise more than a trillion euros’, Tu26Sep2023 (bold added to ‘Bank of America’) – same links as above: https://www.ftm.eu/articles/ggii-2-fossil-finance-trillion-euros-oil-gas-bonds, but may need this sharing link (for one-off access), https://www.ftm.eu/articles/ggii-2-fossil-finance-trillion-euros-oil-gas-bonds?share=iVIAT0vSe9sqPGKAGUWtaoKXtGNlsKvtAwFBlfgO%2Fyrb7JqMmb874OMgOuBSB6E%3D (also in the GGII folder, https://mega.nz/folder/pQEQnLbR#40i5Vhc3mYgbJFqxrwaQng)
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So what are the directors sleepwalkers to do, the guardians of Pacifica’s ethical & moral integrity? ED Steph ‘The Breeze’ is obviously blasé about these things – after all, she keeps talking about Pacifica as “the company”. Well, we’re not quite there, despite the best efforts of Ian Masters, & his own facilitators, such as KPFA station manager Antonio ‘I used to be a professional dancer, I’ll have you know’ Ortiz.
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Whilst they ponder, let’s consider further.
Like trying to avoid a plan for Pacifica, fossil-fuel burning is a practical matter. Together with methane venting (at extraction sites) & methane leaks (at extraction sites, & during distribution), the fossil-fuel system currently causes ~71% of the warming effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land-use change.
Jos Olivier, Trends in Global CO2 and Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 2021 Summary Report, PBL (The Hague), Aug2022 [update of the May2022 version], p. 14, https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2022-trends-in-global-co2-and_total-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2021-summary-report_4758.pdf; still awaiting the next report
– Calculation of the ~71% figure, one that very rarely appears, even in the scientific & campaign discourses: all per p. 14, re warming from anthropogenic GHG, the split in 2019 was carbon dioxide 73%, methane 19%, nitrous oxide 5%, fluorinated gases 3% (CO2, CH4, N2O, F-gases) … & the responsibility of the fossil-fuel system, its GHG emissions = CO2 + CH4 + N2O + F-gases = (73 x 0.88) + (19 x 0.31) + (5 x 0.18) + (3 x 0) = 64.24 + 5.89 + 0.9 = 71.03% of the total (2020 fossil-fuel data, which dipped during this first COVID-19 pandemic year – deflating this 71%).
– PBL produces excellent reports, & is highly unusual in choosing not to push talk of CO2, but instead focuses on total GHG emissions. Begs the Q, why isn’t this the norm for all state bodies that claim to be scientific?
– PBL: Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving – literal translation, ‘Planning Office for the Environment’, but it chooses ‘PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency’, betraying the stray from a social democratic consensus.
– A slightly different gas split is given for 2022 by EDGAR: CO2 71.6%, CH4 21.0%, N2O 4.8%, F-gases 2.6%. EDGAR: Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research, maintained by the Joint Research Centre, the “science and knowledge service” of the European Commission, the administration of the European Union. To JRC’s great credit, it has made 4 of its last 7 annual reports re GHG, not just CO2 – https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/booklet/GHG_emissions_of_all_world_countries_booklet_2023report.pdf (8Sep2023).
The most outspoken conventional leader of world capitalist society is António Guterres, 74, head of the UN, its secretary-general. The next is Fatih Birol, 65, head of the IEA, the International Energy Agency, its executive director. (It’s an inter-governmental body of the OECD, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development, set up immediately after the 1973 oil price shock.) The cited GGII report gives typical quotes from these spokespeople, vividly capturing the urgency:
Guterres: “Investing in new fossil fuel infrastructure is moral and economic madness“, 2022 . . .
Birol: “If governments are serious about the climate crisis, there can be no new investments in oil, gas and coal, [from] now – from this year“, 2021 (sic)
Ties Joosten, Yara van Heugten, & Remy Koens, ‘How banks helped the fossil fuel industry raise more than a trillion euros’, Tu26Sep2023 (emphases added) – links above; the authors don’t give links to the originals, but Guterres, 4Apr2022, is https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21228.doc.htm, & Birol, 18May2021, is https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/may/18/no-new-investment-in-fossil-fuels-demands-top-energy-economist (this shows the report got its quote wrong: The Guardian says “from now”, whereas they had “starting now”). [UPDATE: Birol was on CNN, Su1Oct2023 – so ‘interviewed’ by Fareed Zakaria. Marshmallowball questions – no surprise. But, sadly, Birol chose not to take the opportunity to seize the agenda – maybe someone’s had a word.]
The urgency: will Pacifica respect this, doing whatever it can, however minuscule? The directors sleepwalkers may not have adopted policy for Pacifica with even the palest shade of ‘green’, but will they instruct ED Wells to pay bank fees to a principal enabler of fossil-fuel burning?
Is this what Pacifica is all about?
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What is to be done? After all, in a world sustained by capitalist production, are there any banks with clean hands? This is one reason why credit unions have been advocated within Pacifica, by peeps such as Darryl McPherson (WBAI listener-member) & Rachel Barr (WBAI listener-delegate). But are they able to satisfy the banking needs of Pacifica, all of them? The matter hasn’t been broached at the highest level, & no director sleepwalker has even asked publicly whether there are possibilities outside the sectors of either big or small banking capital. No surprise there.
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All this leaves the question: what’s Pacifica about, words or deeds?
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